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多模式CT指导下静脉和动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的效果和安全性比较

作者:姜大景 胡婷婷 汪 华 向明清 郭才华 姜振威

所属单位:长江大学医学院附属荆州市第一人 民医院神经内科 (湖北 荆州 434000)

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摘要

目的对多模式CT指导下静脉和 动脉溶栓效果和安全性进行比较,寻求 安全可靠的急性脑梗死治疗方法。方法 选择我院2014年1月-2014年12月符合动 脉溶栓条件的71例颈内动脉系统急性脑 梗死患者,根据患者意愿分为两组,愿 意接受动脉溶栓治疗的33例患者为动脉 组,不愿接受动脉溶栓治疗的38例患者 采用静脉溶栓,设为静脉组,记录溶栓 前后各时间段患者神经功能缺损(NIHSS) 评分和并发症,溶栓治疗1个月后评价疗 效。结果 动脉组患者溶栓后不同时间 段NIHSS评分均低于静脉组(P<0.05)。 动脉组患者基本痊愈11例,显著进步13 例,总有效率为72.73%,对照组总有效 率为44.74% (P<0.05)。溶栓1周后动脉 组责任血管再通率为63.64%,静脉组责 任血管再通率为42.11%,(χ2 =6.3128,P <0.05)。两组并发症比较差异无统计学 意义(χ2 =1.2423,P>0.05)。结论 多模 式CT对判断急性脑梗死缺血半暗带和血管 狭窄具有较好的指导作用,动脉溶栓药物 浓度高,可提高血管再通率,因此更有助 于疗效和生存质量的提高。

Objective comparison of multi mode under the guidance of CT vein and artery thrombolytic efficacy and safety, seeking treatment for acute cerebral infarction is safe and reliable. Methods 71 cases of acute cerebral infarction of internal carotid artery system in patients of our hospital in 2014 January to choose December -2014 accord with intraarterial thrombolysis conditions, according to the wishes of patients were divided into two groups, willing to accept the 33 cases of arterial thrombolytic therapy in patients with arterial group, unwilling to accept the 38 patients were treated with thrombolytic therapy in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, set to vein group, recording the period of time before and after thrombolytic therapy for patients with neurological deficit (NIHSS) score and complications, curative effect evaluation of thrombolytic therapy after 1 months. Results Patients with arterial thrombolysis group at different time after NIHSS scores were lower than the intravenous group (P<0.05). Artery group of patients, 11 cases were basically cured, 13 cases were significantly improved, the total effective rate was 72.73%, control group, the total effective rate was 44.74% (P<0.05). After 1 weeks of group responsibility artery thrombolysis recanalization rate was 63.64%, and then through vein group responsible vessels rate was 42.11%, (χ2 =6.3128, P<0.05). Two groups were no significant difference (χ2 =1.2423, P>0.05). Conclusion multi mode CT to judge acute cerebral ischemic penumbra and vascular stenosis has good guide, arterial thrombolytic drug concentration is high, can improve the recanalization rate, it also helps to improve the efficacy and quality of life.

【关键词】多模式;CT;静脉溶栓;动脉溶栓;急性脑梗死

【中图分类号】R445.3; R743.33

【文献标识码】A

【DOI】 10.3969/j.issn.1672- 5131.2016.03.012

前言

脑血管疾病是严重危害人类健康的危急重症,也是导致人类死亡 和致残的重要原因[1]。研究表明脑内动脉急性闭塞是缺血性脑梗死的 主要原因,发生率约在80%以上[2],早期溶栓治疗可使闭塞的血管再 通,在短时间内恢复脑缺血组织血供,是治疗急性脑梗死的有效方法 之一。静脉溶栓是临床最常用的方法,最主要优点是创伤小,不需要 特殊设备,操作简单,费用低等,患者容易接受也容易推广[3]。而动脉 溶栓技术要求高,需要借助血管内介入技术,费用较高,但由于溶栓 具有超选择性,避免了全身用药,而且局部药物浓度较高,理论上讲 可提高血管再通率。本研究在多模式CT指导下筛选合适的病例,分别 给予静脉溶栓与动脉溶栓治疗,对效果和安全性进行观察,现报道如 下。