Objective To investigate the clinical value of magnetic resonance fat suppression STIR sequence in the diagnosis of vertebral compression fractures. Methods The imaging data of 42 patients with vertebral compression fractures confirmed by surgery or clinical pathology in our hospital from March 2015 to April 2016 were collected. All participants underwent conventional MRI and STIR fat suppression sequence checking, and described the MRI fat suppression sequence of STIR vertebral compression fractures in clinical diagnosis. Results 42 cases were studied, including 24 cases of thoracic fracture, 18 cases of fracture site of lumbar spine, including single vertebral body lesions in 28 cases, a plurality of vertebral body lesions in 14 cases. Vertebral compression fractures on the MRI image shows the main concave and flat shape, the posterior cortical bone vertebral main forms: posterior cortical bone of upper and lower corner after Alice, posterior cortex angle; In the T1WI scan sequence, the vertebral body showed a low signal, and a slightly higher signal appeared in the vertebral body on the T2WI scan sequence. In the fat suppressed STIR sequence, most of the vertebral body showed high signal, and a few small signals appeared in the vertebral body. Magnetic resonance fat suppression STIR sequence of 42 patients showed vertebral compression fractures, magnetic resonance fat suppression STIR sequence of vertebral compression fracture diagnosis rate was 100%. Magnetic resonance fat suppression STIR sequence scan of vertebral compression fracture shape, accessories and surrounding soft tissue development is intuitive and clear. Conclusion Magnetic resonance fat suppression STIR sequence has high detection rate of vertebral compression fracture, and can display the specific situation of vertebral compression fracture from multi angle and multi view, which provides important imaging data for clinical guidance.