Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging in screening cerebral arteriosclerosis, arterial stenosis and demyelination, and to analyze the risk factors of three cerebrovascular diseases. Methods Selected 997 cases of physical examination by magnetic resonance imaging in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January to December in 2016 randomly. The information included gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipid and other basic conditions were recorded, test were used to select the single factor (α=0.1) based on the potential risk factors first, and then multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the three kinds of cerebrovascular diseases. Results After adjusted for other variables, logistic regression showed that age, BMI and systolic blood pressure may be the risk factors for cerebral arteriosclerosis, age and systolic blood pressure may increase the risk of cerebral artery stenosis; gender, age, and systolic blood pressure may be risk factors for demyelination in the brain. Conclusion The use of MRI for screening brain related diseases in healthy people with overweight, hypertension, age, sex and other factors is of higher value, which provides the basis and direction for choosing health examination items and taking specific intervention measures in the future.