Objective To investigate imaging findings of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to analyze location and number of CMBs, and its correlation with cognitive disorders. Methods The routine brain MRI and SWI were performed on the chosen patients. 52 patients with positive CMBs (CMBs group) and 54 patients with negative CMBs (control group) were selected. The CMBs partitions of patients were compared in CMBs group. The differences of MoCA scores, the correlation between CMBs quantity at different sites and the score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 1657 CMBs lesions were detected. The detected number of CMBs lesions by SWI was more than that by MRI regular sequence. And deep cerebral hemisphere and temporal distribution were the most. Compared with those in the control group, the scores in each dimension and total scores of MoCA in the CMBs group were significantly lower (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the total number of CMBs was negatively correlated with MoCA score (r=-0.68, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with routine MRI sequences, SWI can detect more CMBs lesions. And the number of CMBs at different sites is closely related to cognitive disorders of patients. The more number of CMBs, the more serious the cognitive disorders.