Objective To investigate the clinical and HRCT characteristic of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children in Shenzhen City. Methods Clinical and HRCT data of 35 cases with post-infectious BO between June 2009 and July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Features of etiology, clinical data, pulmonary function and radiology were summarized. Results 35 patients consisted of 25 boys and 10 girls with mean age of (2.1±1.6) years. Previous infection pathogens included adenovirus (n=10), mycoplasma (n=10), measles virus (n=4), respiratory syncytial virus (n=1), H1N1 infuenza virus (n=1), parainfluenza virus (n=1) and mixed infection (n=1). The etiology was unknown in 5 cases. Most common clinical manifestations were repeated or persistent wheezing (n=35), cough (n=33), short of breath (n=15), crackles (n=30), retraction (n=26) and cyanosis (n=4). Major HRCT findings of 35 cases were as follows: incomplete aeration in 31 cases, mosaic perfusion in 26 cases, air trapping in 8 cases, bronchial wall thickening in 19 cases, bronchiectasis in 4 cases, reticular opacity in 3 cases, consolidation in 13 cases, atelectasis in 5 cases and Swyer-James syndrome in 1 case. 28 cases underwent pulmonary function test with abnormal results: constrictive obstruction in small airway in 24 cases and mixed pattern in the other 4 cases. Conclusions Adenovirus and mycoplasma were the two leading pathogens of post-infectious BO in Shenzhen City. According to the clinical manifestations, abnormal lung function and HRCT findings, post-infectious BO can be diagnosed correctly in an early stage.