Objective To explore image value of molybdenum target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of phyllodes tumor of breast (PT). Methods 19 PT patients confirmed by clinical pathology in our hospital from April 2012 to April 2015 were selected as the research objects, they all received molybdenum target X-ray and MRI imaging examination, imaging features were analyzed. Results Surgical pathology showed that 12 cases were benign, 4 cases were borderline, and 3 cases were malignant. Molybdenum target X-ray showed that there were 3 cases in circular, 16 cases in lobulated, density of lesions was higher than body of gland around, 10 cases with clear boundary, there were annular low-density shadow around lumps in 7 cases, 2 cases without clear boundary. MRI showed that there were 5 cases in circular, 14 cases in lobulated, plain scan T1 equisignal or low signal, T2 high signal, mostly in signal uniformity, 4 cases were cystic change, 2 cases were haemorrhage. Dynamic contrast scanning showed that there mainly were homogeneous enhancement, time-signal intensity curves scan showed 6 cases were ascending type, 11 cases were platform type and 2 cases were outflow type. When b value was 0s/mm2 , DWI was high signal, when b value was 500s/mm2 , 12 cases were high signal, 7 cases were low signal, corresponding ADC value was significantly higher than normal breast tissue offside (P<0.05). Conclusion Phyllodes tumor of breast has certain characteristics in molybdenum target X-ray and MRI, especially in MRI dynamic contrast scanning, but diagnosis still rely on clinical pathological examination.