Objective To investigate the application value of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of gliomas. Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with gliomas confirmed by surgery and pathology in our hospital between March 2008 and October 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were diagnosed by MRI, and the MRI manifestations and pathological types of the patients were observed. Patients were followed up after operation. The manifestations of MRI plain scan and enhanced scan were analyzed to explore the application value of MRI in the follow-up of gliomas after treatment. Results In32 cases, there were 18 casesof astrocytomas (including pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma and glioblastoma etc.). 6 cases of oligodendrogliomas, 5 cases of ependymomas and 3 cases of choroid plexus papilloma. MRI imaging findings of various types of gliomas were different.After treatment, follow-up found that 18 cases showed reactive enhancement, 5 cases had residual tumor and 9 cases had recurrence, and the MRI manifestations were different. Conclusion MRI is of high value in the diagnosis of gliomas, and the prognosis of the patients can be judged according to the different imaging findings.