Objective To analyze the clinicalcharacteristics and CT imaging features in patients with central and peripheral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods 42 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology in our hospital between January 2013 and June 2017were divided into as the central lung squamous cell carcinoma group (n=22, patients with central lung squamous cell carcinoma) and peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma (n=20, patients with peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma) according to the biopsy results.The clinicalcharacteristics and CT imaging features of two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The number of male patients in the two groups was significantly higher than that of female patients. The patients of ≥45 years old and ≤60 years old in the central lung squamous cell carcinoma group were significantly more than those of ＞60 years old, vice versa in the peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma group. The number of patients with smoking history in the two groups was significantly higher than that in patients without smoking history;the smoking rate of patients with central lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.05). The tumor size and staging of the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The tumor size of the central lung squamous cell carcinoma group was significantly larger than that of the peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma group(P>0.05). The differentiation of patients with central squamous cell carcinoma was significantly worse than that of patients with peripheral squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.05). Patients with central lung squamous cell carcinoma had significantly more cough, hemoptysis, cough, blood stasis, chest pain, chest tightness, wheezing, metastatic symptoms, irritating dry cough, fever, asymptomatic and other clinical symptoms than those with peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.05). Conclusion The main clinical characteristics central lung squamous cell carcinoma and peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma are cough, hemoptysis, cough, hemoptysis, expectoration, chest pain, chest tightness and fever, in which CT imaging features of central lung squamous cell carcinoma are mainly bronchial stenosis and mass and CT imaging features of peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma are mainly nodule, lobulation sign and burr sign.